Step 1: Get each report
Use AnnualCreditReport.com to obtain your Equifax, Experian and TransUnion reports. Mark the exact account, date, balance or personal detail that is wrong and note which reports contain it. Reports can differ.
Step 2: Gather proof
Useful documents can include account statements, payment confirmations, a payoff letter, identity-theft report or correspondence with the creditor. Send copies, not your only originals. Explain exactly what is inaccurate and what correction you request; a vague request may slow the investigation.
Step 3: Submit to the bureau
Each bureau offers its own online dispute channel and mailing instructions; phone disputes may also be available. Use the current contact details on the report or the bureau's official site. A mailed letter lets you keep a full paper copy and delivery record. Online submission can provide a confirmation and status portal. Include your identifying information, report confirmation if available, the disputed item, explanation and supporting copies.
Step 4: Contact the furnisher
Tell the creditor or collector that supplied the data what is wrong and provide supporting records. The CFPB recommends contacting both the reporting company and furnisher. Keep copies and dates of all communications.
Step 5: Track the result
A bureau generally has 30 days to investigate, with some circumstances allowing up to 45 days. Review its written result and the updated report. If the error remains, check the explanation, supply relevant new evidence, and consider a CFPB complaint after attempting to resolve it with the company.
If the account is fraudulent
Visit IdentityTheft.gov for a recovery plan, consider free credit freezes at the three bureaus and provide identity-theft documentation as appropriate.
Sources
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